Only in ‘dark skies’, away from the bright lights of Australian cities, can we see the Milky Way arcing across the sky, humanity’s most fundamental connection to the cosmos. Our artificial light also masks day length and other cues used by animals to regulate their daily activity and annual reproduction. Under the relentless glare of urban light pollution, behaviours change and instincts falter.

Of all the world’s oceans, the Southern Ocean absorbs the majority of human-generated heat and carbon, helping to slow the pace of climate change and keep our planet liveable. Meanwhile, the vast ice sheets of Antarctica act as an ‘air conditioner’ for our planet, reflecting 50-70% of incoming solar radiation. The Southern Ocean is a ‘natural laboratory’ for vital scientific research, impossible to achieve anywhere else on the planet.