There are many factors that contribute to climate change, both in the past and in the present. They were present long before humans evolved; however, many things in our modern world produce extra greenhouse gases, like the burning of fossil fuels. Compared to other processes that produce greenhouse gases or warm our planet, how much are humans to blame, and what can we do about it?

From remote Antarctica to the towering Himalayas, accelerating ice loss under climate change casts a stark shadow over ecosystems, coastlines, and the equilibrium of our global environment. Glaciologists like Professor Andrew Mackintosh work to understand past glacier and ice sheet changes to improve future predictions – and that future looks bleak.